A light copyedit entails the following:

• Correct all indisputable errors in grammar, syntax, and usage, but ignore any phraseology that is not an outright error.

• Point out paragraphs that seem unncessarily wordy or convoluted, but I will not revise.

• Ignore minor patches of wordiness, imprecise wording, and jargon.

• Ask for clarification of terms likely to be unfamiliar to readers.

• Query you regarding factual inconsistencies and any statements that seem incorrect.

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(Based on The Copyeditor's Handbook by Amy Einsohn)

A medium copyedit entails the following:

• Correct all errors in grammar, syntax, and usage. Point out or revise any awkwardness.

• Point out any sections that seem wordy or convoluted, and supply suggested revisions.

• Ask for or supply definitions of terms likely to be unfamiliar to readers.

• Query you on any facts that seem incorrect. Use references books to verify content.

• Query you on faulty organization and gaps in logic.

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(Based on The Copyeditor's Handbook by Amy Einsohn)

A heavy copyedit entails the following:

• Correct all errors and awkwardness in grammar, syntax, and usage.

• Rewrite any wordy or convoluted sections.

• Ask for or supply definitions of terms likely to be unfamiliar to readers.

• Verify and revise any facts that are incorrect.

• Query you or fix faulty organization and gaps in logic.

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(Based on The Copyeditor's Handbook by Amy Einsohn)

A line edit entails the following:

• Read the manuscript for overall organization and flow of content.

• Suggest rewrites where necessary.

• Focus is on the creative content, writing style, and language used.  Such as:

  • Overused or extraneous words or sentences​

  • Redundancies in information

  • Confusing action or narratives

  • Unclear meaning

  • Tonal shifts

  • Bland or cliche language

• Mechanics of spelling, grammar, capitalization, punctuation, etc. will not be specifically addressed unless it affects the elements mentioned above.

For a focus on mechanics, please also request a copyediting service.

A proofread entails the following:

• This is the last step before you publish or turn in your content or manuscript.

• Focus is only on correcting typographical errors or identifying serious mistakes that were missed in prior review.

• This will not address mechanical consitencies, correcting grammar, usage, and language or internal inconsistencies in fact or tone. (Based on The Copyeditor's Handbook by Amy Einsohn) 

For a focus on mechanics, etc. please also request a copyediting service.